A knowledge of how life originated and evolved on Earth is of central importance in historical Sciences (Geology, Biologie, Astrobiologie). To obtain a general view of the interelated processes (geodynamic, climatic, oceanic, biological) involved in the evolution of the early Earth during the first 2.5 Ga of its history (Hadean, Archean, Early Proterozic). Institute of Geosciences (IGc) São Paulo main campus Less than 200 Ma after its formation, the Earth holds all the attributes of a modern Earth (core, protolithosphere, oceans and atmosphere). However, it will take nearly two billion years to shape terrestrial geodynamics and the major bio-geochemical cycles as we know them today. What happened between the two? When and how did the plate tectonics begin? How did life appear on Earth and in what environments? What are the first traces of life? Is there a link between crustal growth, the diversification of microbial life and the evolution of the composition of the atmosphere? Is oxygenation of the atmosphere and oceans of biological or abiotic origin? These are, among others, the questions we will address during this course, as follows: 1) 4.5-4.4 Ga, accretion and differentiation core-mantle, late veneer, formation of the Moon 2) 4.4-4.1 Ga, first zircons, first continents, first oceans 3) Early Earth geodynamics 4) Early Oceans 5) Early atmosphere 6) Early life Marly Babinski, Pascal Andre Marie Philippot 20 GMG5838 4 Oral presentation given by individual students on key scientific issues related to the evolution of the primitive Earth and early Life. A final written exam on http://www.igc.usp.br/index.php?id=101&L=2

The aim of this discipline is to present the students seminal papers of molecular biology. These papers will be analysed from a historical, methodological and scientific perspective. This discipline complements the basic knowledge acquired in regular disciplines of molecular biology. By discussing original articles, the students will analyze in depth the historical context and the methodologies used by the scientists that pave the way of molecular biology. This will ultimately give the students the tools to understand the basis of molecular biology and the development of scientific thought. Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICB) São Paulo main campus Every lecture will be followed by the discussion of an original article. The student will receive a questionnaire that will guide him/her through the reading of the paper, with the help of the instructors. Items to be discussed include the following topics: (1) Structure and function of DNA ; ( 2 ) RNA and the genetic code ; ( 3 ) Advent of genetic engineering and genomics. Carlos Eduardo Winter, Beny Spira 25 ICB5751 8 Written tests will be used to evaluate student progress during the course. https://ww2.icb.usp.br/ing/

The course aims to put the students in contact with researchers and professionals working in concentration areas of the Program (Clinical Chemistry, Physiopathology and Toxicology) and in related areas with the presentation of seminars on current advanced topics. The faculty includes national and international researchers. The course is offered in the first semester of each year and is mandatory for the all Doctorate students of the Program. This course will permit the students interact with different areas of research making it possible the acquisition of a broad and updated vision of Science in the concentration areas of the Program and in related areas. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF) S?o Paulo main campus The program will be determined every semester by the invited speakers. Topics will be preferentially include the areas covered by the Program (Clinical Chemistry, Physiopathology and Toxicology) but also related areas. Sabrina Epiphanio 60 FBC5792 1 Course will be taught in Portuguese and English. Participation in class, seminars report, and frequency. http://www.fcf.usp.br/english.php

The course aims to put the students in contact with researchers and professionals working in concentration areas of the Program (Clinical Chemistry, Physiopathology and Toxicology) and in related areas with the presentation of seminars on current advanced topics. The faculty includes national and international researchers. The course is offered in the first semester of each year and is mandatory for the Master and Direct Doctorate students of the Program. This course will permit the students interact with different areas of research making it possible the acquisition of a broad and updated vision of Science in the concentration areas of the Program and in related areas. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF) S?o Paulo main campus The program will be determined every semester by the invited speakers. Topics will preferentially include the areas covered by the Program (Clinical Chemistry, Physiopathology and Toxicology) but also related areas. Ana Paula de Melo Loureiro, Silvia Berlanga de Moraes Barros 60 FBC5793 1 Course will be taught in Portuguese and English. Participation in class, seminars report, and frequency. http://www.fcf.usp.br/english.php

Many scientific papers are rejected even before they are evaluated by the reviewers. Writing quality and consistent scientific articles can help to reduce this initial rejection in high-impact journals, making the chance for successful publication more effective. Develop skills to write quality scientific reports. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF) São Paulo main campus Writing the major topics of an article. General advice on writing English and for publication. Article Edition. Practical exemples and writing. Carla Taddei de Castro Neves, Daniel Jay Hoffman 20 FBC5954 1 Article writing. http://www.fcf.usp.br/english.php

Writing is part of Science. Students enrolled in the Graduate Program in Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology are of different backgrounds and include pharmacists, biologists, engineers, veterinarians, among others. Nonetheless, all of them have to publish their results. This course focus on preparing original scientific articles. It highlights the importance of publication for an academic career, as well as for scientific development. Basic practices for scientific writing will be provided to stimulate students to publish their results. With this course we intend to increase the number and quality of publications of the students from the Graduate Program in Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, as well as to contribute to the preparation of dissertations and thesis. The course is intended to provide the students with tools to prepare and publish scientific articles, as well as to help with scientific observation, planning and data organizing. Additionally, we expect to promote critical reading of scientific articles and publishing of the results generated by the students during graduate course. The course will also help students in the preparation of dissertations and thesis. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF) São Paulo main campus Course will include lectures, exercises, case-studies, and practical classes to discuss the manuscripts to be elaborated by each student during the course. 1- Introduction: – Scientific information through the time and the importance of publishing; – Adequate choice of journal for publication; – Types of articles and presentation styles; – Items of each type of article (full paper, short communication and review); – Discussion about Impact Factor (I.S.I. _ Institute for Scientific Information) and journal quality based on Qualis-CAPES classification. 2- The importance of Scientific Reading. Examples of a step-by-step publication process: manuscript preparation, submission, revisions, proof-reading and final article publication. Analysis of accepted and rejected submitted manuscripts. 3- Organizing the results to be published; discussion and objective statement. Preparation of a manuscript outline. 4- Definition of the manuscript title, keywords, authors and affiliations, corresponding author. Study-case of articles published in the journal selected for manuscript submission. 5- Writing of Materials and Methods Section. Units of measurement, precise description of methods. 6- Writing of Results Section. Presentation of figures, tables, flowcharts and schemes. Appropriate Captioning. 7- Writing of Discussion Section. Highlighting the most important results. Identifying and stating the most important findings of the work. 8- Writing of Conclusion Section and the Abstract. Acknowledgements. 9- References and citations. Abbreviations. 10- Writing of an impacting Cover Letter. How to answer the reviewer�fs comments. Adalberto Pessoa Junior, Carlota de Oliveira Rangel Yangui 15 FBT5700 6 Preparation of a manuscript through the course and exercises related to the manuscript preparation. http://www.fcf.usp.br/english.php

Sterilization processes are performed in laboratories, hospitals and industries as the final processing step for preparation of safe critical materials and devices used in the Public Health sector and for pharmaceutical products, in order to preserve products and to ensure their expected shelf-life. A better understanding of sterilization processes (as the choice of sterilizing agent to be used, kinetic parameters determination and biological indicators application) can minimize misunderstandings related to contamination, production and/or processing of these pharmaceuticals devices. This course aims to present the basic concepts and parameters related to sterilization and validation processes, which are responsible to guarantee consistent sterility levels required for obtaining pharmaceutical and medical products. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF) São Paulo main campus 1. Introduction_- Concepts and application of sterilization. 2. Kinetic parameters: Decimal reduction time (D-value), Relative resistance (z-value), Sterility Assurance Level, Process equivalent time (F value), Q10 parameter and activation energy. 3. Biological and chemical Indicators: main characteristics, types, applications and relationship. 4. Sterilizing agents: Physical, chemical and gaseous agents. 5. Validation processes: definitions and legislation, qualification of installation, operating system qualification_and physical and biological validation. Practical: Application of biological indicators, determination of kinetic parameters Marina Ishii 13 FBT5736 6 Exercises and seminars. http://www.fcf.usp.br/english.php

Students enrolled in the Graduate Program in Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology are of different backgrounds and include pharmacists, biologists, engineers, veterinarians, among others. This course will provide the students a wide view of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology by means of the participation of visiting scientists and professors from other universities of Brazil and from abroad. It will be based on two-weeks intensive courses on frontier topics that may significantly contribute to the Graduate Program internationalization process. To provide the students with broad and up-to-date themes within the fields of Fermentation Technology, Industrial Enzymology, Food Technology and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Technology by means of seminars, intensive courses, conferences and hands-on activities. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF) São Paulo main campus Seminars and intensive courses will be related to the Areas of Concentration and research lines of the Graduate Program in Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology. The Areas of Concentration are: Food Technology, Fermentation Technology and Chemical-Pharmaceutical Technology. Research lines are: Production and conservation of drugs and pharmaceutical goods; Development and optimization of technologies and formulations in food processing; Fermentative and enzymatic processes for the production and application of bioproducts. Joao Carlos Monteiro de Carvalho, Adalberto Pessoa Junior FBT5776 2 http://www.fcf.usp.br/english.php

Besides being administered directly in the form of capsules, probiotic microorganisms are used as food supplements which, together with prebiotic ingredients, constitute the last generation functional foods, leading to beneficial effect on the intestinal microbiota. At the same time, food products such as dairy products and some non-dairy products, such as soy and/ or fruit products, are rich in certain essential health nutrients, such as proteins, calcium, and various vitamins. Technological benefits with respect to the process flow chart and the formulation of these products can also be provided by the use of probiotic cultures. Therefore, the technology used in the manufacture of cheese and other dairy products, as well as other food products involving the addition of these cultures is very promising and should be explored increasingly by the food industry. Provide students with updated concepts on the application of probiotic cultures in food products, taking into account the biological effects and consequences on the production technology and the characteristics of the final product attributed to these microorganisms. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF) São Paulo main campus 1. Introduction: pharmaceutical and food applications of probiotic cultures; Characterization of the main cultures employed; main biological effects attributed to probiotic cultures 2. Industrial application: effect of milk supplementation; use of co-cultures 3. Flow chart of industrial processes, and physico-chemical, biochemical, nutritional, and microbiological characteristics of the products obtained: use of probiotic cultures in fermented milk and yogurt technology, cheese technology, and technology of some non-dairy products, such as soy products and/ or fruit products 4. Consequences of applying probiotic cultures related to food production procedures 5. Practical activity: production of food using conventional procedures (without supplementation with probiotic cultures) x production of food with probiotic cultures 6. Seminars presented by the students and discussion of scientific papers in the area Susana Marta Isay Saad, Raquel Bedani Salvio 23 FBT5781 4 http://www.fcf.usp.br/english.php

The proposal of this course is to create an adequate infrastructure for data collection and management of the studies carried out in the scope of Post-Graduation Program. In order to achieve this goal, students will have access to the world’s most widely used system for electronic data collection and data management in scientific research, known as REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture). This course will provide best practices and real case examples for data management in REDCap. This course aims to present critical concepts and practical methods to support planning, collection, storage, and dissemination of data in clinical research to enhance security, reliability and quality to the data collected for research purposes. School of Nursing (EE) São Paulo, Pinheiros campus Principles of data management in scientific research; Recommended practices for development of questionnaires; Modalities for data collection in scientific research; Privacy, confidentiality and data security requirements of human research data; REDCap _ key concepts and applications in scientific research; International data standards and best practices for data dictionaries definitions; Effective data management: reports, data export, graphical visualization and data quality monitoring; Considerations for conducting web-based surveys; Hands-on training: REDCap projects development (classical and longitudinal) and application of the main REDCap features. Katia Regina da Silva 20 ENC5966 2 Hands-on exercises. http://sites.usp.br/ee/

All research is grounded in a theoretical perspective. Nursing knowledge is only built through the development and testing of theories and conceptual frameworks. The purpose of this course is to enhance students understanding of how nursing conceptual frameworks are used to guide nursing research. Students will be able to aplly the knowledge learned in this course to guide their proposed research. 1. Describe the relationship between nursing science, philosophy, theory development and research; 2. Examine selected nursing theories and their application to research; 3. Apply the process of theoretical substruction in the analysis of nursing theory testing research. School of Nursing (EE) São Paulo, Pinheiros campus Structure of knowledge in the discipline of nursing; The value and purpose of nursing theory; Tipes of theories; Selected conceptual frameworks and nursing theories and their application to guide research; Theoretical substraction of nursing theories. Rita de Cassia Gengo e Silva 22 ENC5967 2 Each student will select a published nursing theory testing research article and complete a theoretical substraction on the conceptual framework of the study. http://sites.usp.br/ee/

Cancer is one of the main causes of illness-related death in many countries, including Brazil. Despite current therapeutic advances, the prognosis of patients diagnosed with this pathologic condition is still poor. Thus, an effective method for controlling cancer is preventing its development, which can be achieved by the diet or by the intervention with nutrients and/or BFCs in subjects with high risk of cancer development. Several genes have shown altered expression during carcinogenesis and are considered targets for nutrients and/or bioactive compounds in the context of cancer prevention. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of gene expression by nutrients and/or BFCs, is fundamental for the design of research projects that deepen the knowledge of graduate students in Food Science and related areas, and for the development of strategies for nutritional intervention in the context of cancer prevention. To empower graduate students to understand how nutrients and bioactive food compounds (BFCs) modulate the expression of genes involved in cancer’s physio-pathology. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (FCF) São Paulo main campus 1) Basic “OMICS” tools for Nutrigenomics studies; 2) Molecular targets for cancer chemoprevention; 3) Functional foods and cancer prevention; 4) Modulation of the epigenetic processes by nutrients and BFCs; 5) Modulation of the expression of micro-RNAs by nutrients and BFCs; 6) Molecular aspects of the relationship between obesity, nutrition and cancer prevention Fernando Salvador Moreno, Thomas Prates Ong, Jens Uwe Marquardt 20 FBA5897 2 The discipline will have the collaboration of Dr. Renato Heidor, specialist of The Diet Nutrition and Cancer Laboratory, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of S_o Paulo. Participation in the discussions. http://www.fcf.usp.br/english.php